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Difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia
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Difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia

Memory is a crucial cognitive function in our life. From identity to thinking to decision-making, all these functions depend on memory. The below infographic captures the salient differences between the two types of memory losses

Memory plays a fascinating role in our lives. Complex brain mechanisms lead to two types of memories: implicit and explicit. Implicit memory encompasses learned habits like writing or riding a bicycle. In contrast, explicit memory is responsible for remembering important facts and figures like phone numbers or credit card details.

A sudden loss of explicit memory leads to amnesia, whereas in dementia both types of memory are lost

Remember Aamir Khan’s character, Sanjay, in the film Ghajini? Sanjay forgets whatever he learns in 15 minutes.

Although an exaggerated portrayal, it highlighted a type of amnesia known as anterograde amnesia. In this condition, individuals struggle to retain new information and consolidate short-term memories into long-term ones. Damage to the hippocampus is often the primary cause of this form of amnesia.

In another type of memory loss, retrograde amnesia, the person is unable to recall past memories leading up to the triggering event. Those affected struggle to remember significant people in their lives, as the brain faces difficulty retrieving stored information. Damage to the thalamus, hippocampus, and temporal lobe is often responsible for this type of amnesia.

Psychological trauma and brain damage due to diseases or injury are often the underlying causes of amnesia.

Skim through this infographic that describes the primary differences between anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

anterograde and retrograde amnesia unable to form new memories unable to recall past memories the brain's ability to store information is affected there is a failure to retrieve information in the brain occurs due to damage to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex occurs due to damage to the thalamus temporal lobe and hippocampus can be caused by trauma, brain infections, tumours, or vitamin B1 deficiency can be caused by trauma, stroke, encephalitis, lack of oxygen, or tumours
Differences between anterograde and retrograde amnesia | Illustration by Parvathi Nair

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