Dental cavities, also known as tooth decay or caries, are one of the most common dental problems worldwide. They occur when the hard surface of a tooth, known as enamel, gets damaged and causes a hole or cavity in the tooth.
Dental cavities can be painful and lead to serious dental problems if left untreated. There are several factors that contribute to the development of cavities, as follows:
Plaque: Dental plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth and gums. When plaque accumulates on teeth, the bacteria in plaque produce acids that can damage the enamel of the teeth, leading to cavities.
Enamel quality: The quality of the enamel is a significant factor in the development of cavities. Some people have naturally thin or weak enamel and are susceptible to dental caries. A weak enamel can be due to heredity or a lack of fluoride exposure during childhood.
Sugar consumption: Sugar is a major contributor to the development of dental cavities. The bacteria in dental plaque feed on sugars in food and drinks, producing acids that erode tooth enamel. Frequent and prolonged consumption of sugary foods and beverages increases the risk of cavities.
Brushing: Poor oral hygiene contributes to dental cavities. Brushing your teeth twice a day with a toothpaste containing fluoride can remove plaque and prevent the build-up of bacteria that cause cavities. Flossing and using a mouthwash can also reduce the formation of plaque and bacteria in the mouth.
Fluoride: Fluoride is a mineral that can help to prevent dental cavities. It strengthens tooth enamel and makes it resistant to acid erosion. Fluoride is commonly used in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and is sometimes present in some drinking water sources. Regular exposure of teeth to fluoride can help prevent cavities.
To prevent cavities, one should essentially practise good oral hygiene, limit sugar intake and regularly use fluoride-based toothpastes or mouthwashes.
Of course, regular dental check-ups and cleaning can also help to detect and prevent any dental problems like caries early.
