Mosquitoes pose more significant problems than mere itchy bites. These seemingly delicate pests can do more damage than that, harboring and transmitting a great number of diseases through a single bite. Effectively addressing the issue involves proactively eliminating the breeding sites in the immediate surroundings.
The rainy season which typically brings higher humidity and increased rainfall is when the risk of mosquito-borne diseases increases, says Dr J Harikishan, senior general physician, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad. “One of the main factors for this is the creation of more breeding sites for mosquitoes. They require stagnant water to lay their eggs and complete their life cycle. Increased rainfall and accumulation of water in various outdoor areas create an ideal condition for mosquito breeding,” he says.
Preventing mosquito breeding is crucial to controlling the spread of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, chikungunya and zika. To prevent mosquito breeding and the subsequent transmission of diseases, several strategies and interventions can be employed.
Get rid of stagnant water and maintain cleanliness
It is important to keep surroundings dry and clean because stagnant water breeds mosquitos, says Dr Subrata Das, senior consultant, internal medicine, Sakra World Hospital, Bengaluru. He says that standing water must be removed from flower pots, bird baths and containers. The other objects that could attract mosquitos are buckets, coconut shells and discarded tires.
“Regularly change the water in pet bowls and other outdoor water containers to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs,” says Dr Harikishan, adding that it is also important to keep drains and gutters free from clogging to prevent stagnant water.
Mosquitoes rest in shady, cool areas during the day. “Keeping the yard well-maintained can help reduce their hiding spots,” says Dr Harikishan.
He points out swimming pools also must be properly chlorinated and filtered. “Also empty pool covers that collect rainwater,” he says.
Larvae prevention/removal
“Even a small amount of standing water, as little as one ounce, can sustain a larval population. Water elements exceeding a depth of two feet with vertical sides are less likely to serve as breeding sites,” says Dr Das. “Adding a bit of dish soap or shampoo to infested water eradicates larvae within a day. Cinnamon essential oil is also effective, neutralizing larvae in about 24 hours.”
“Ensure that containers used to store water, like barrels and tanks, are properly sealed to prevent mosquitoes from entering and laying eggs,” adds Dr Harikishan.
Do not ignore dripping pipes
Plumbing leaks outside the houses can be a potential environment for mosquito breeding. “Leaky plumbing attracts pests like termites and cockroaches. For mosquitoes, it creates standing water, an ideal breeding spot,” says Dr Das, stressing the importance of swiftly fixing dripping pipes and faucets.
Water drips, especially from the air conditioners, can create a small pool in the ground which can attract mosquitoes. This too should not be ignored, say experts
Cover bins and use nets
Experts suggest the use of mosquito nets instead of mosquito coils which are harmful to the lungs. “When sleeping, use mosquito nets to protect yourself from mosquito bites, especially if you live in areas where mosquito-borne diseases are prevalent,” says Dr Harikishan. Using mosquito-killer bats is also advised.
Experts also advise fogging to keep mosquitoes away.
Trash cans can collect water, becoming a breeding site for mosquitoes. Keeping the lids tightly closed and ensuring proper waste disposal can prevent mosquitoes from breeding. “If the lids don’t fit tightly, mosquitoes will be drawn to the garbage. Keep lids secure or consider adding a mesh to prevent access,” says Das. Covering windows and doors with nets is also important.
Preventing mosquito breeding through biological agents
Gambusia fish is known to help with controlling mosquitoes in freshwater domains, as it feeds on mosquito larvae.
Certain plants can also help prevent mosquito breeding because of their natural mosquito-repelling properties. “Having plants such as citronella, lavender and marigold in one’s yard will help,” says Dr Harikishan. Plants such as rosemary, mint, lemongrass and fennel can also keep mosquitos away.
