Hormones, signaling molecules released by the adrenal glands, play a crucial role in regulating our physical and mental well-being. Just like women, men undergo hormonal changes as they age, mainly due to fluctuations in the levels of testosterone (the primary male sex hormone); this can adversely impact their sexual function, fertility and overall well-being.
“The way hormonal changes manifest in men is slightly different compared to women. While menopause occurs between the ages of 45 and 50, andropause, the male equivalent of menopause, usually occurs in men over the age of 65. However, it can also occur much earlier than that, even as early as 45,” says Dr Karthikeyan V S, microsurgical andrologist and urologist at Apollo Hospitals, Chennai.
Hormonal imbalance in men: Prevalence and causes
A dip in testosterone levels is one of the primary reasons for hormonal imbalances in men. “Testosterone plays a major role in men, including maintenance of cognitive functioning and good muscle mass. Any fluctuations in its levels can cause hormonal problems,” says Dr Mohammad Shahid Ali, consultant, urology, andrology & robotic surgery and renal transplantation, Manipal Hospital, Old Airport Road, Bangalore. A study published in the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology states that the levels of the hormone start decreasing by approximately 1–1.6% every year after the age of 40. Although testosterone deficiency can occur at any age, 7% of men develop the condition after the age of 50; this percentage increases as they get older. Additionally, those with underlying conditions like diabetes and obesity can experience testosterone deficiency as well, with its prevalence being 79% in overweight individuals.
Highlighting the causes of hormonal imbalance, Dr Govardhan Reddy, lead consultant, urology & uro oncology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, says the condition can arise due to factors like age, genetics, an improper lifestyle and underlying health issues. Environmental factors, such as exposure to endocrine disruptors, can also disturb hormonal balance.
Signs of hormonal imbalance in men
The manifestations of hormonal imbalance can be classified into three main categories:
♦ Physical problems
Fluctuations in testosterone levels can give rise to an array of complications. If the hormone dips below the normal amount, it can give rise to issues like chronic fatigue syndrome (where an individual feels very weak and isn’t able to perform any task) and reduced muscle mass; the bone mineral density can also decrease, increasing the risk of fractures, notes Dr Ali. In some cases, estrogen levels may increase, leading to changes in hair growth patterns, hair loss (in the head) or reduced body hair. In older men, decreased testosterone concentration can also cause anemia.
♦ Psychological problems
Disruptions in hormone levels can significantly impact one’s mood and energy, says Dr Reddy. While low levels of testosterone can lead to reduced interest, depression, anxiety and memory problems, high levels of it may cause mood swings, irritability and anger.
♦ Sexual problems
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common sexual disorders that can be attributed to low testosterone levels; however, it must be noted that ED can have multiple causes, making it vital to detect the underlying issue. Additionally, decreased testosterone concentration can affect libido and reduce sperm count, affecting fertility.
Managing hormonal imbalance in men
Stressing the importance of detecting the underlying issue, experts list the following ways to prevent or address hormonal imbalance:
♦ Have a balanced diet
The most effective way to manage hormonal imbalance is to maintain gut health. This can be done by having a diet high in fiber and low in sugar. Foods rich in vitamin D, such as egg yolks, fish and red meat, help boost testosterone production. In addition, food items rich in zinc and omega-3 fatty acids play a vital role in maintaining hormonal balance.
♦ Exercise regularly
Regular exercises, which include deadlifts and squats, are crucial for boosting testosterone production. Engaging in intense physical activity signals the body to adapt to the stress by releasing cortisol and growth hormone, vital for regulating metabolism as well as muscle growth and repair.
♦ Ensure adequate sleep
A good night’s sleep is not only necessary to maintain overall health but also to balance hormone levels in the body. A lack thereof may prevent the body from producing enough hormones to regulate the libido. Additionally, sleep disruptions can elevate stress and anxiety levels, potentially contributing to reduced sexual arousal and performance.
♦ Manage stress
Chronic or excessive stress can cause a prolonged increase in cortisol and adrenaline levels, adversely affecting health. Hence, managing stress through techniques like yoga and meditation is paramount, as that can play a vital role in preventing hormonal imbalances.
♦ Seek medical help
Men aged 40 and over may experience symptoms like decreased sexual desire and reduced energy due to low testosterone levels (which can be assessed through blood tests). If natural remedies don’t prove effective, one can go for therapeutic interventions like testosterone replacement therapy (under medical supervision) to improve muscle mass and libido.
Takeaways
- Hormonal imbalances in men can develop at any age, arising due to factors like age, genetics, a poor lifestyle and underlying health conditions.
- The signs of disrupted hormone levels in men can include physical problems (like fatigue, hair loss and anemia), psychological issues (such as anxiety and depression) and sexual disorders (including ED and low sperm count).
- Measures men should take to address hormonal imbalances include a healthy diet, regular exercise, proper sleep and stress management. If symptoms persist, medical intervention must be sought.
