The infographic below provides a detailed breakdown of meningocele and myelomeningocele, the other two types of spina bifida.
From taking signals and responding to the world, the central nervous system is responsible for almost all bodily functions. A cylindrical framework called the neural tube lays the groundwork for this complex system. This tube is like the first draft of the brain and spinal cord, which later develops into the complete central nervous system.
Generally, the neural tube closes in a child by the 28th day of pregnancy. However, if the neural tube fails to close at any point fully, it leads to a condition called spina bifida. In this condition, the spinal cord, nerves, and meninges—protective membranes covering the spinal cord and brain do not develop completely.
“The severity of spina bifida depends on the extent of nerve or spinal cord damage and where the opening is. The condition can impact a child’s neurological, physical, and intellectual development,” says Dr Khyati Kiran J, consultant paediatric surgeon, Hospital for Women and Children, Hyderabad
Spina bifida manifests in three types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. “Spina bifida occulta is the most common and least likely to cause any symptoms. It often goes undiagnosed due to its mild nature,” says Dr Kiran. On the other hand, meningocele and myelomeningocele are more serious types, causing significant developmental challenges, if left untreated, she adds.