While the monsoon brings relief from the scorching heat, it also comes with challenges like high humidity levels and an increased risk of infections. However, individuals with diabetes need to be extra cautious during monsoon. The humid weather can slow down the digestive process, which combined with diabetic neuropathy, can further increase sluggishness in people with diabetes.
Dr Mehr Prasad, endocrinologist, Fortis Hospital, Vadapalani, Chennai, explains, while the risk of infections (such as hepatitis A or E, pneumonia or gastrointestinal infections) is high among people in general, those with diabetes (especially type 1 diabetes) have weakened immunity, making them more susceptible to complications arising due to high blood sugar levels.
According to experts, measures that can be taken by people with diabetes to manage blood sugar levels during monsoon include:
1. Avoiding infections
Monsoons often create a conducive environment for bacterial and fungal growth, increasing the risk of infections.
Dr David Chandy, consultant, endocrinology, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, advises people with diabetes to keep their skin clean and dry, as moisture can promote fungal infections. “They should regularly inspect their skin for any wounds or cuts,” he says.
2. Maintaining foot hygiene
One of the most significant areas of concern for people with diabetes during monsoon is the feet. Dr Prasad emphasises the importance of paying special attention to the feet. “Feet should be kept dry, especially in between the toes, by using a dry towel or powder,” he says.
He adds that diabetic neuropathy and foot ulcers are common complications among those with diabetes. Reduced sensation in the feet can lead to unnoticed injuries and subsequent infections, which can take a long time to heal and may turn into a foot ulcer.
According to Dr Chandy, those who travel during the rain get their shoes and socks wet due to water logging, which could lead to fungal infections. People with diabetes are advised to always wear appropriate footwear and avoid walking in stagnant water puddles to avoid any chances of infection.
3. Protecting the eyes
People with diabetes are also prone to eye infections, particularly during the monsoon season. Dr Prasad says wet hair increases the risk of bacterial infections reaching the eyes. People with diabetes can protect their eyes by keeping them clean and avoiding exposure to dirty water, he adds.
4. Avoiding raw or pre-cooked foods
While a balanced diet should be followed throughout the year, it is imperative to do so during monsoon, as the risk of infection is high, says Dr Prasad.
He adds that people with diabetes should ensure they consume clean, home-cooked food and avoid raw or pre-cooked foods from outside.
“Clean your vegetables with warm water before consumption,” advises Dr Prasad.
It is best to avoid street or fried foods that contain a high amount of salt or sugar, as they can cause a spike in blood sugar levels and may lead to unhealthy weight gain. People with diabetes can experience stomach pain owing to their weakened immunity.
5. Monitoring blood sugar levels
According to Dr Chandy, people with diabetes should regularly monitor their blood sugar levels during monsoon. Fluctuating weather conditions along with changes in food habits can impact blood glucose levels.
6. Staying hydrated
The increased humidity levels during monsoon can lead to dehydration, thereby affecting blood sugar levels, say experts. Dr Chandy recommends drinking adequate water throughout the day and avoiding sugary beverages. Additionally, consuming herbal teas as well as water infused with a dash of lemon or cucumber can be refreshing and beneficial, he adds.
7. Preparing before travel
Dr Prasad says people with diabetes should take extra precautions while planning to travel during monsoon. These include carrying extra clothes, extra pairs of socks and footwear, an adequate supply of medication and making wise food choices.
8. Maintaining a workout regimen
People usually give up their workout routine during the monsoon due to the rain. However, experts emphasise the importance of exercising regularly, especially for those with diabetes to keep their blood sugar levels in check.
Dr Chandy says, “People with diabetes who go for morning or evening walks have better sugar control. However, during monsoon, they stop their routine, which affects their blood sugar management.”
He adds that walking indoors after each meal, even for 10 minutes (three times a day) or doing indoor physical activities (like yoga or skipping) can help manage blood sugar levels.
